👅 Glossitis
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue, often resulting in a swollen, red, smooth, or tender tongue. It can be a symptom of an underlying condition or occur due to local irritation, nutritional deficiencies, or infections.
🧬 Causes of Glossitis
| Cause Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| 🔹 Nutritional deficiencies | Vitamin B12, iron, or folate deficiency |
| 🔹 Infections | Viral (e.g., herpes), fungal (Candida), bacterial |
| 🔹 Allergic reactions | Toothpaste, mouthwash, food, or medications |
| 🔹 Irritants | Alcohol, tobacco, spicy/hot foods, poor-fitting dentures |
| 🔹 Autoimmune conditions | Lichen planus, Sjögren’s syndrome, celiac disease |
| 🔹 Systemic diseases | Anemia, diabetes, thyroid disorders |
⚠️ Symptoms
- Smooth, swollen tongue (may appear shiny)
- Redness or discoloration
- Pain or tenderness, especially when eating spicy or acidic food
- Burning sensation
- Difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing
- Loss of taste or altered taste sensation
🧪 Diagnosis
- Physical examination of the tongue and mouth
- Blood tests to check for vitamin deficiencies, anemia, or infections
- Swab tests if a fungal or bacterial infection is suspected
- Allergy tests if an allergic cause is suspected
💊 Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
| Cause | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Nutritional deficiency | Vitamin supplements (e.g., B12 injections, iron tablets) |
| Infection (e.g., Candida) | Antifungal or antibacterial medication |
| Allergies/irritants | Avoid triggers, switch products |
| Autoimmune or chronic inflammation | Corticosteroids, immune-modulating treatments |
| General care | Good oral hygiene, avoiding spicy/hot foods |
🛡️ Prevention
- Maintain good oral hygiene
- Eat a balanced diet rich in B-vitamins and iron
- Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and irritating foods
- Keep dentures clean and well-fitting
- Stay hydrated
✅ Key Facts
- Glossitis is a symptom, not a disease itself
- Most cases are mild and reversible
- Persistent or painful glossitis may signal underlying health issues
- Proper diagnosis helps target effective treatment