Gingival and periodontal diseases refer to conditions affecting the gums and the supporting structures of the teeth. They are primarily caused by bacterial plaque and, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues.
🦷 Gingival Diseases (Gingivitis)
🔍 What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, where inflammation is limited to the gingiva (gums).
✅ Key Features
- Red, swollen gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- No bone loss or irreversible damage at this stage
🦠 Causes
- Poor oral hygiene
- Dental plaque buildup
- Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy gingivitis)
- Certain medications
- Systemic conditions (e.g., diabetes)
🔄 Reversible?
Yes — with proper oral care and professional cleanings.
🦷 Periodontal Diseases (Periodontitis)
🔍 What is Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is an advanced gum disease that affects the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum supporting the teeth.
🚨 Key Signs and Symptoms
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums
- Deep pockets between teeth and gums
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Bone loss (seen on X-rays)
🧫 Causes
- Untreated gingivitis
- Chronic plaque and tartar accumulation
- Smoking
- Genetics
- Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
❌ Is it Reversible?
No — damage is permanent, but further progression can be controlled.
🩺 Diagnosis
- Clinical examination: Probing pocket depths
- X-rays: To assess bone loss
- Periodontal charting: Tracking disease progression
🛠️ Treatment
For Gingivitis:
- Improved oral hygiene
- Professional dental cleaning
For Periodontitis:
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Antibiotics or antimicrobial rinses
- Surgical treatments:
- Flap surgery
- Bone grafts
- Guided tissue regeneration
🛡️ Prevention
- Brush twice daily and floss once a day
- Regular dental visits (every 6 months or as advised)
- Avoid tobacco
- Control systemic conditions (e.g., diabetes)
- Use antimicrobial mouthwash if needed