Geographic Tongue

👅 Geographic Tongue

Geographic tongue, also called benign migratory glossitis, is a harmless inflammatory condition of the tongue. It gets its name from its appearance—red, smooth patches with white or light borders that look like a map.

🩺 Key Features:

• Irregular, red patches on the surface and sides of the tongue
• Patches are often surrounded by white or gray borders
• Lesions may change location, shape, and size over time (hence “migratory”)
• May come and go over weeks, months, or even years

😖 Symptoms:

• Often painless
• Some people report:
  • Burning or stinging, especially with spicy, salty, or acidic foods
  • Sensitivity to toothpaste or mouthwash

🧬 Causes & Risk Factors (Not Fully Understood):

• Exact cause is unknown
• May be linked to:
  • Genetics (often runs in families)
  • Psoriasis (especially pustular type)
  • Hormonal changes
  • Stress or emotional factors
  • Vitamin B deficiencies
  • Diabetes or immune-related conditions

🔍 Diagnosis:

• Based on appearance during a dental or medical exam
• No special tests are usually needed
• Biopsy may be done if the appearance is atypical

💊 Treatment:

• Usually not needed — the condition is benign and self-limiting
• For discomfort:
  • Avoid trigger foods (spicy, acidic, hot)
  • Use mild toothpaste (non-irritating, non-whitening)
  • Topical corticosteroids or antihistamine mouth rinses (if symptoms are bothersome)