Flat feet (also called fallen arches) is a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire sole to touch the ground when standing. It can occur in one or both feet and may be present from childhood or develop in adulthood.
🦶 Types of Flat Feet:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Flexible flat feet | Arches appear when sitting but flatten when standing (most common and often painless) |
| Rigid flat feet | Arches are always flat, even when sitting (can be painful) |
| Acquired flat feet | Arches collapse over time, often due to injury or aging (posterior tibial tendon dysfunction) |
🔍 Causes:
- Genetics (inherited foot shape)
- Weak arches
- Tendon damage (especially posterior tibial tendon)
- Obesity
- Aging or wear and tear
- Injury or trauma to the foot or ankle
- Rheumatoid arthritis
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Foot pain, especially in the heel or arch
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Flat appearance of the foot
- Pain in the ankles, knees, hips, or lower back (due to misalignment)
- Uneven wear on shoes
🩺 Diagnosis:
- Physical exam of the feet (standing and walking)
- Wet footprint test (footprint appears fully flat)
- Imaging:
- X-rays to check bones and joints
- MRI or ultrasound for tendon damage
💊 Treatment Options:
🏠 Conservative (Non-Surgical):
- Arch supports (orthotics) – custom or over-the-counter
- Supportive shoes (firm heel and arch)
- Stretching and strengthening exercises
- Weight management
- Rest, ice, and pain relievers for inflammation
🩺 Medical:
- Physical therapy to strengthen foot and ankle muscles
- Bracing for severe or collapsing arches
- Surgery – for severe cases or tendon rupture (last resort)
🛡️ Prevention & Care:
- Wear proper shoes with arch support
- Avoid walking barefoot on hard surfaces for long periods
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Do foot-strengthening exercises regularly