What is Diverticulitis?
Diverticulitis is the inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that develop in the walls of the colon (large intestine). These pouches form when weak spots in the colon bulge outward, a condition called diverticulosis. When these pouches get irritated or infected, it leads to diverticulitis.
Causes and Risk Factors:
- Low-fiber diet causing constipation and pressure buildup
- Aging (more common after age 40)
- Obesity
- Lack of exercise
- Smoking
- Certain medications like NSAIDs
Symptoms:
- Sudden pain in the lower left abdomen (most common site)
- Fever and chills
- Nausea or vomiting
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Bloating and gas
- Tenderness when pressing on the abdomen
Diagnosis:
- Physical exam
- Blood tests (to check for infection)
- CT scan (to confirm inflammation and complications)
- Colonoscopy (done later to check colon health)
Treatment:
- Mild cases: rest, antibiotics, clear or low-fiber diet initially
- Severe cases: hospitalization, IV antibiotics, possibly surgery if complications like abscess or perforation occur
Prevention:
- Eat a high-fiber diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
- Drink plenty of water
- Exercise regularly
- Avoid smoking