Bladder Diverticula (Plural of diverticulum) A bladder diverticulum is a pouch or sac-like outpouching of the bladder wall that protrudes through a weak area in the muscular layer. It may be congenital or acquired, and it can trap urine, leading to complications like infection, stones, or even tumors. 🔍 Types Type Description Congenital Rare; usually […]
Radiation Cystitis Radiation cystitis is inflammation and damage to the bladder caused by radiation therapy, usually as treatment for pelvic cancers such as prostate, cervical, bladder, or rectal cancer. 🔍 Pathophysiology ⚠️ Types Type Timing Features Acute radiation cystitis During or shortly after radiation (weeks) Irritative urinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, dysuria), usually self-limited Chronic radiation
Interstitial Cystitis (IC) Also called Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, frequency, and discomfort, without an identifiable infection or other obvious cause. 🔍 Overview ⚠️ Symptoms 🧪 Diagnosis 🩺 Pathophysiology (Theories) 🩹 Treatment Multimodal and individualized: 1. Lifestyle and Behavioral 2. Oral Medications 3.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Definition:A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The most common site is the bladder (cystitis). 🔍 Types of UTI Type Location Common Features Cystitis Bladder Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain Urethritis Urethra Dysuria, discharge Pyelonephritis Kidneys Fever,
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Definition:A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The most common site is the bladder (cystitis). 🔍 Types of UTI Type Location Common Features Cystitis Bladder Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain Urethritis Urethra Dysuria, discharge Pyelonephritis Kidneys Fever,
Ectopic Ureter An ectopic ureter is a congenital abnormality where the ureter does not insert into the bladder at the normal location, but instead empties into an abnormal site. This condition is often associated with duplicated urinary systems, especially in children and infants. 🧬 Pathophysiology 📊 Epidemiology ⚠️ Symptoms In Females: In Males: 🧪 Diagnosis
Duplicated Ureter (Duplex Ureter or Ureteral Duplication) A duplicated ureter is a congenital condition where two ureters drain a single kidney instead of the usual one. It can occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral) and may be complete or incomplete. 🧬 Types of Ureteral Duplication Type Description Complete Two separate ureters drain
Ureteral Cancer (Cancer of the Ureter) Ureteral cancer refers to malignancy of the ureter, the narrow tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. It is rare, accounting for only 1–2% of all urologic cancers. 🧬 Most Common Type Other rare types: ⚠️ Risk Factors 📋 Symptoms Often overlap with other urinary tract
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and sometimes up to the kidneys. It’s most common in infants and young children, and a major risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney damage. 📌 Normal vs. Reflux Mechanism 🧬
Ureteral Stones Also called ureterolithiasis, these are kidney stones that have moved into the ureter, the narrow tube connecting the kidney to the bladder. 🔍 Pathophysiology ⚠️ Symptoms Classically known as renal colic: 📏 Stone Location Matters Location Common Symptoms Proximal ureter Flank pain Mid-ureter Abdominal or back pain Distal ureter (UVJ) Groin pain, urinary
