Eventration of the diaphragm is a condition where part or all of the diaphragm is abnormally elevated due to weakness or thinning of the muscle, but the diaphragm remains intact—unlike in hernias, where there is a hole. 🧬 What Is Diaphragmatic Eventration? 🔍 Types 1. Congenital Eventration 2. Acquired Eventration ⚠️ Symptoms 🧒 In Infants/Children: […]
Diaphragmatic paralysis or paresis refers to loss (paralysis) or weakness (paresis) of diaphragm muscle function, typically due to phrenic nerve dysfunction. This can result in breathing difficulty, especially when lying down or during exertion. 🧠 Key Differences Term Meaning Paralysis Complete loss of diaphragmatic movement Paresis Partial weakness of diaphragm 🧬 Causes 🔹 Neurologic 🔹
😴 Snoring Snoring is the noisy breathing sound that occurs during sleep when airflow causes tissues in the throat to vibrate. 🧬 Causes: 🩺 Symptoms: 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: ⚠️ Complications:
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease where the bronchi (airways) become permanently widened, scarred, and inflamed due to repeated infection or injury. This leads to poor mucus clearance, which causes persistent infection, chronic cough, and airway damage. 🧬 Pathophysiology 🚨 Causes of Bronchiectasis 🔹 Post-infectious (most common) 🔹 Genetic / Congenital 🔹 Obstructive 🔹 Autoimmune
Bronchial diseases affect the bronchi, the large air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs. These diseases can be inflammatory, infectious, obstructive, or structural, and they often affect breathing, mucus clearance, and lung function. 🩺 Major Diseases of the Bronchi 1. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchial lining. 🔹 Types: 🧪 Symptoms: 2. Bronchiectasis
Tracheomalacia is a condition where the tracheal walls are weak or floppy, causing the trachea to collapse—especially during exhalation, coughing, or crying. This leads to airway obstruction, noisy breathing, and other respiratory symptoms. 🧬 What Happens in Tracheomalacia? The cartilage rings in the trachea, which normally keep it open, are either underdeveloped (congenital) or become
Tracheomalacia Tracheomalacia is a condition where the trachea (windpipe) is abnormally soft or weak, causing it to collapse during breathing, especially when exhaling. This can lead to airway obstruction, noisy breathing, and recurrent respiratory issues. 📂 Types of Tracheomalacia 🩺 Symptoms: 🔍 Diagnosis: 📏 Severity: 💊 Treatment: 🔹 Mild Cases: 🔹 Moderate to Severe Cases:
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system due to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This mucus obstructs airways and ducts, leading to respiratory and nutritional challenges. 🧬 Causes CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to defective chloride channels. This results in thickened
💨 Pneumothorax – Overview A pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space (the space between the lung and the chest wall), which causes the lung to collapse partially or completely. This can lead to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen levels. ⚙️ Types of Pneumothorax Type Cause/Description Spontaneous pneumothorax Occurs without trauma; often
💧 Pleural Effusion – Overview Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space — the thin gap between the lungs and the chest wall. ⚙️ Types of Pleural Effusion Type Cause/Description Transudative Caused by systemic factors that alter pressure (e.g., heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome) Exudative Caused by local
