Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones (calculous cholecystitis). It can also occur without stones (acalculous cholecystitis), especially in critically ill patients. Types of Cholecystitis ⚠️ Risk Factors 🩺 Clinical Features 🔍 Diagnosis 🩺 Complications 💊 Treatment
Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. Gallstones are solid particles that form from bile components, and they can range from being completely asymptomatic to causing severe complications like gallbladder inflammation or bile duct obstruction. 🧪 Types of Gallstones ⚠️ Risk Factors (Mnemonic: “4 F’s”) Additional: 🩺 Symptoms Most cases are asymptomatic
Mixed gallstones are a prevalent type of gallstone, comprising approximately 20–30% of cases. They are characterized by a combination of cholesterol, calcium salts (such as calcium bilirubinate and calcium carbonate), and bile pigments like bilirubin. These stones often form as a result of chronic inflammation or infection within the biliary tract.(pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 🧬 Pathogenesis The formation
Brown pigment gallstones are a type of gallstone primarily composed of calcium bilirubinate, cholesterol, and fatty acids such as calcium palmitate and stearate. They are softer and greasier than black pigment stones and are predominantly found in the bile ducts rather than the gallbladder. These stones are commonly associated with biliary tract infections, biliary stasis,
Pigment gallstones are a type of gallstone that form when there is an excess of bilirubin in the bile. Bilirubin is a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. These stones are darker in color compared to cholesterol stones and are less common, accounting for about 20–25% of all gallstones in the United States. (news-medical.net, webpathology.com)
Cholesterol gallstones are the most prevalent type of gallstones, primarily composed of hardened cholesterol deposits that form in the gallbladder. They can range in color from yellow to green and vary in size from small grains to large stones. 🧬 Pathophysiology Cholesterol gallstones develop when the bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, becomes
General surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on surgical procedures involving a wide range of organs and body systems, primarily in the abdomen and digestive tract, but also including other areas such as the breast, skin, and soft tissues. 🔍 What Does a General Surgeon Do? A general surgeon is trained to: 🧠 Areas
