UVJ (Ureterovesical Junction) The ureterovesical junction (UVJ) is the point where the ureter enters the bladder. It is a critical anatomical site because it regulates urine flow from the ureters into the bladder and prevents backflow (reflux) during bladder filling and voiding. 🧬 Normal Function of the UVJ 🚨 Disorders of the UVJ 1. UVJ […]
🧬 What Is Polycystic Kidney Disease? Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can enlarge the kidneys and impair their ability to function properly, potentially leading to kidney failure over time. PKD is one of the most common inherited kidney disorders,
Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) The ureteropelvic junction is the area where the renal pelvis (the funnel-shaped part of the kidney that collects urine) meets the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. 📌 Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) UPJO is a condition where there is a narrowing or blockage at the UPJ,
🧬 What Is Glomerulonephritis? Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli—tiny filtering units in the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluid from the blood. This condition can impair kidney function and may lead to kidney failure if left untreated. 🔬 Types of Glomerulonephritis ⚠️ Symptoms Symptoms can vary based on the type and
Ureteral obstruction refers to a blockage of one or both ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This obstruction prevents normal urine flow and can lead to hydronephrosis (swelling of the kidney), kidney damage, or infection if not treated promptly. 🔍 Causes of Ureteral Obstruction ⚠️ Symptoms Depends on whether
🧬 What Are Kidney Stones? Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can vary in size—from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball—and may remain in the kidneys or travel down the urinary tract, causing pain
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and often irreversible condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. This decline in kidney function can lead to complications such as high blood pressure, anemia, weak bones, and nerve damage. 🩺 Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease In the
🚫 Intestinal Obstruction Intestinal obstruction means there is a blockage in the intestines that stops food, fluids, and gas from passing through normally. 🧩 What Happens? 🔍 Where Can It Occur? 🧠 Types of Intestinal Obstruction ⚠️ Symptoms 🩺 Diagnosis 🚑 Treatment ⚠️ Complications if Untreated
🧠 Hirschsprung’s Disease – Simple Explanation Hirschsprung’s disease is a birth defect that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing stool. 🚼 What Is It? In Hirschsprung’s disease, some parts of the intestine don’t have nerve cells (ganglion cells). These nerve cells are needed for muscles in the bowel wall to push
🌱 Colonic Polyps – Explained Simply Colonic polyps (also called colon polyps) are growths on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) or rectum. They are quite common, especially in adults over 50. 🧬 What Are They? 🧩 Types of Colonic Polyps ⚠️ Symptoms Most colonic polyps don’t cause any symptoms, but when they
