👄 Mouth Ulcers Mouth ulcers, also called aphthous ulcers or canker sores, are painful sores or lesions that form on the soft tissues inside the mouth — such as the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. 🧬 Types: 🩺 Common Causes/Triggers: 🔍 Symptoms: 💊 Treatment: Most mouth ulcers are self-limiting, but treatment can relieve pain […]
👅 Oral Hairy Leukoplakia – Overview Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a white patch or plaque that appears on the side of the tongue, often with a “hairy” or corrugated texture. It is strongly associated with immunosuppression, especially in people with HIV/AIDS. 🧬 Cause: 🩺 Clinical Features: 🔍 Diagnosis: ⚠️ Important Associations: 💊 Treatment:
🌾 Celiac Disease Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine lining, specifically the villi, which are essential for nutrient absorption. 🧬 Cause: 🩺 Symptoms: 🧒 In Children: 👨🦰 In Adults: 🩻 Silent or
Tracheal stenosis is a condition where the trachea (windpipe) becomes narrowed, limiting airflow to the lungs. This can range from mild to life-threatening and may occur anywhere along the trachea. 🧬 Causes of Tracheal Stenosis 🔹 Most Common (Acquired) 🔹 Congenital Tracheal Stenosis ⚠️ Symptoms Tracheal stenosis symptoms may resemble asthma or chronic bronchitis but
👅 Geographic Tongue Geographic tongue, also called benign migratory glossitis, is a harmless inflammatory condition of the tongue. It gets its name from its appearance—red, smooth patches with white or light borders that look like a map. 🩺 Key Features: 😖 Symptoms: 🧬 Causes & Risk Factors (Not Fully Understood): 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment:
Tracheomalacia is a condition where the tracheal walls are weak or floppy, causing the trachea to collapse—especially during exhalation, coughing, or crying. This leads to airway obstruction, noisy breathing, and other respiratory symptoms. 🧬 What Happens in Tracheomalacia? The cartilage rings in the trachea, which normally keep it open, are either underdeveloped (congenital) or become
🦷 Herpetic Stomatitis Herpetic stomatitis is a painful viral infection of the mouth caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), usually type 1 (HSV-1). It most commonly affects young children but can also occur in adults. 🧬 Cause: 🩺 Types: 🧒 Who’s at Risk? 💥 Symptoms (Primary Infection): Symptoms may last 7 to 14 days,
👄 Tonsillitis Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, the two oval-shaped tissues at the back of the throat. It is most common in children but can affect people of all ages. 🧬 Causes: 🩺 Symptoms: Severe cases may cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: 🦠 Viral Tonsillitis: 🧫 Bacterial Tonsillitis: ⚠️
Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea (windpipe), most commonly due to infection. It can become a serious condition—especially in children—if it causes airway narrowing or obstruction. 🔍 Types of Tracheitis ⚠️ Symptoms In children, symptoms may resemble croup but are typically more severe and unresponsive to standard croup treatments. 🧪 Diagnosis 💊 Treatment 🧒
😷 Strep Throat – Overview Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils caused by group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). It is common in children and teens, but can affect people of all ages. 🦠 Cause: 🧒 Who’s at Risk? 🩺 Symptoms: 🔬 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: ⚠️ Possible Complications (if untreated):
