Congenital tracheal disorders are structural abnormalities of the trachea (windpipe) present at birth. These conditions may affect airway function, breathing, and feeding, and can range from mild to life-threatening. 🧬 Major Congenital Tracheal Disorders 1. Tracheomalacia (Congenital) 🩺 Symptoms: 2. Congenital Tracheal Stenosis 🩺 Symptoms: 3. Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) 🩺 Symptoms: 4. Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft 🩺 […]
🍄 Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) Thrush is a common fungal infection of the mouth caused by Candida species, most often Candida albicans. It results in white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth. 🧬 Causes/Risk Factors: 🩺 Symptoms: 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: ⚠️ Complications:
🍃 Oral Lichen Planus Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, nails, and mucous membranes, including the oral mucosa (mouth). When it affects the mouth, it’s called oral lichen planus (OLP). 🧬 Cause: 🩺 Clinical Features: 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: ⚠️ Complications:
👄 Aphthous Ulcer (Canker Sore) Aphthous ulcers are common, small, painful sores that appear inside the mouth, usually on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or soft palate. They are also called canker sores. 🧬 Causes and Triggers: 🩺 Symptoms: 💊 Treatment:
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a condition in which the walls of the trachea and bronchi (main airways) are weak or floppy, leading to airway collapse, especially during exhalation. This results in airflow obstruction, breathing difficulty, and chronic respiratory symptoms. 🧬 What Is Happening in TBM? 🔹 Types of TBM 1. Congenital TBM 2. Acquired TBM ⚠️
💧 Xerostomia (Dry Mouth) Xerostomia is the medical term for dry mouth, a condition where the salivary glands don’t produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist. 🧬 Causes: 🩺 Symptoms: 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment:
🦷 Chipped Teeth A chipped tooth is when a part of the tooth’s enamel or structure breaks off due to trauma or wear. It’s a common dental injury that can range from a small cosmetic flaw to a significant break affecting tooth function. 🧑⚕️ Causes: 🩺 Symptoms: 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment Options: 🧼 Aftercare: ⚠️
😷 Herpangina Herpangina is a viral illness characterized by painful ulcers or sores in the mouth, particularly in the back of the throat, and often accompanied by fever. It most commonly affects children, especially during summer and early fall. 🧬 Cause: 🧒 Who Gets It? 🩺 Symptoms: Unlike hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina
Tracheal tumors are abnormal growths that develop within the trachea (windpipe). They are rare but can cause significant airway obstruction and respiratory symptoms. 🔍 Types of Tracheal Tumors 1. Benign Tumors Benign tumors grow slowly and rarely spread but can still block the airway. 2. Malignant Tumors ⚠️ Symptoms 🧪 Diagnosis 💊 Treatment Benign Tumors:
🦷 Denture Stomatitis Denture stomatitis (also called denture-related stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis) is a common inflammation of the oral mucosa underneath a denture, typically caused by Candida yeast overgrowth and/or poor denture hygiene. 🧬 Causes: 👄 Symptoms: 📋 Types (Newton’s Classification): 🔍 Diagnosis: 💊 Treatment: 🧼 Hygiene Measures: 💊 Medications: ⚙️ Denture Adjustment:
