🧬 What Is IgA Nephropathy? IgA Nephropathy is a kidney disease where the immune system produces an antibody called Immunoglobulin A (IgA). These IgA antibodies deposit in the kidneys, leading to inflammation and damage over time.mayoclinic.org+1kidney.org+1 🧪 Causes & Risk Factors 🩺 Symptoms Symptoms can develop gradually and may include: 🧪 Diagnosis To diagnose IgA […]
Interstitial Cystitis (IC) Also called Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, frequency, and discomfort, without an identifiable infection or other obvious cause. 🔍 Overview ⚠️ Symptoms 🧪 Diagnosis 🩺 Pathophysiology (Theories) 🩹 Treatment Multimodal and individualized: 1. Lifestyle and Behavioral 2. Oral Medications 3.
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disorder characterized by scarring (sclerosis) in parts of the kidney’s filtering units, known as glomeruli. The term “focal” indicates that only some glomeruli are affected, and “segmental” means that only parts of each affected glomerulus are involved. 🧬 Causes FSGS can be classified into: ⚠️ Symptoms 🧪 Diagnosis
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Definition:A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The most common site is the bladder (cystitis). 🔍 Types of UTI Type Location Common Features Cystitis Bladder Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain Urethritis Urethra Dysuria, discharge Pyelonephritis Kidneys Fever,
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Definition:A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The most common site is the bladder (cystitis). 🔍 Types of UTI Type Location Common Features Cystitis Bladder Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain Urethritis Urethra Dysuria, discharge Pyelonephritis Kidneys Fever,
What is Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)? Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, serious disease characterized by the abnormal destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), and kidney failure due to damage in small blood vessels (microangiopathy). It is called “atypical” to distinguish it from the more common form of
Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, mistaking them for harmful intruders. There are over 100 different autoimmune diseases, some targeting a single organ like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, while others, such as lupus, can attack multiple organs. Diagnosing these diseases can be difficult due to
Iatrogenic Injury Definition:An iatrogenic injury is any unintended harm or damage caused to a patient as a direct result of medical treatment or intervention. The term “iatrogenic” literally means “caused by the healer.” 🔍 Common Causes of Iatrogenic Injury ⚠️ Examples of Iatrogenic Injury in Urology 🩺 Recognition & Diagnosis 🛠️ Management 🛡️ Prevention
Analgesic Nephropathy is a kidney disorder caused by the long-term use of pain-relieving medications, particularly combinations containing phenacetin, acetaminophen (paracetamol), aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. This condition primarily affects individuals who have chronically self-medicated with over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers, often for conditions like headaches, arthritis, or back pain. 🧬 Causes The primary cause is the prolonged use
Ectopic Ureter An ectopic ureter is a congenital abnormality where the ureter does not insert into the bladder at the normal location, but instead empties into an abnormal site. This condition is often associated with duplicated urinary systems, especially in children and infants. 🧬 Pathophysiology 📊 Epidemiology ⚠️ Symptoms In Females: In Males: 🧪 Diagnosis
