A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, where it joins the foot. It develops when the big toe pushes against the next toe, forcing the joint of the big toe to stick out and become misaligned over time. The medical term for a bunion is hallux valgus.
🔍 Causes of Bunions:
- Genetics (inherited foot shape)
- Wearing tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes
- Flat feet or abnormal foot mechanics
- Arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis
⚠️ Symptoms:
- A visible bump on the side of the foot at the base of the big toe
- Pain, soreness, or swelling around the joint
- Redness or inflammation
- Limited movement of the big toe
- Corns or calluses where toes overlap
🩺 Diagnosis:
Usually diagnosed by physical examination and X-rays to assess the severity and misalignment of the joint.
💊 Treatment Options:
🏠 Non-Surgical:
- Wider shoes with a roomy toe box
- Padding or bunion cushions
- Orthotic inserts
- Ice packs for inflammation
- Pain relievers (NSAIDs like ibuprofen)
- Toe spacers or splints
🛠️ Surgical (for severe cases):
- Bunionectomy – removes the bump and realigns the toe
- Recovery varies, but usually includes weeks of limited activity
🛡️ Prevention:
- Choose proper footwear
- Avoid high heels and tight shoes
- Use arch supports if you have flat feet
- Maintain a healthy weight